Brands, Consumerism and Graphic Agitation
Making sense of American Influence:
Rise of consumer culture
Birth of modern capitalism
Rise of the corporation
Branding
Transnational corporations
Graphic Resistance
History:
- Industrial Revolution started in England in the late 18th century (late 1700s)
- James Watt invented the steam engine in 1769
- start of large scale industry in UK & US (e.g. railways, mining, textiles, etc)
- needed more money than partnerships could raise
- corporations have only existed for approx. 500 years
- started to gain real power in the last 2-300 years
- they are neither “natural” nor inevitable
- they are an integral part of contemporary capitalism
- Traditionally businesses owned & run by limited no. of people who pooled their resources & profited or lost out according to the business‟s success/failures
- a corporation‟s strength comes from its ability to combine the capital & hence the economic power of an unlimited no. of people
- early corporations were constructed so that the individual investors were “personally liable” for the business‟s debts
- just owning one share meant that they were liable without limit!
- stockholding was not popular until that risk was removed
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